From GAWDAwiki
Hardening is the heating and quenching of certain iron-base alloys from a temperature above the critical temperature range for the purpose of producing a hardness superior to that obtained when the alloy is not quenched. This term is usually restricted to the formation of martensite.
Hardening is also a term for any process of increasing the hardness of metal by suitable treatment, usually involving heating and cooling.[1]
References
- http://www.weldguru.com/welding-terminology.html