From GAWDAwiki
A collet is a hollow clamping device that allows material of a certain diameter to be passed through. The machine tightens around the collet, which in turn clamps down on the material being rotated. With a CNC lathe, it allows long bars of material to pass through to the cutting area within the lathe. When multiple parts are cut from a single bar, the raw material does not have to be cut beforehand, so multiple pieces can be cut without interruption.[1]
References
- http://www.alpha-machining.net/TerminologyReference.htm